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TEKTERM 1.60 TEKTRONIX 4010 EMULATION FOR THE IBM-PC BY GREG SHERMAN PREFACE This reference manual describes the operation of the TekTERM Terminal Emulation Program on an IBM PC or compatible computer. In addition to describing the capabilities of the program and its hardware require- ments, this documentation provides the following specific information: o How to set communication parameters and operate your PC as a termi- nal. o How to connect to mainframe operating systems including DEC VAX/VMS and IBM VM/CMS. o How to save graphics screen images to a disk file and how to re- trieve these files for display at a later time. o How to configure TekTERM for a particular host system. This manual assumes you are familiar with the PC-DOS operating system and that you have had experience working with a mainframe computer. NOTE: Throughout this manual, the enter or return key (large left point- ing arrow to the left of the 4 & 7 on the numeric keypad, <---+ on the standard IBM-PC keyboard) will be represented by <ENTER> or <CR>. FILES ON YOUR TEKTERM DISKETTE The following files should be on your TekTERM program diskette in order for TekTERM to operate properly: TEK.EXE This is the TekTERM program file. TTUTIL.COM This program is the TekTERM graphics screen manager. TT.CFG This is the default TekTERM configura- tion file. This file is not required; however, it is recommended that it be present with its configuration parame- ters defined to match the values you use most often. The following configuration files are also included on the TekTERM dis- tribution diskette. These files contain the configuration parameters typically used for the specified communication interfaces: VAXMODEM.CFG dial-in communication with VAX. VAXLOCAL.CFG LocalNet communication with VAX. CMSMODEM.CFG dial-in communication with CMS. CMSLOCAL.CFG LocalNet communication with CMS. <<<<< TEKTERM >>>>> INTRODUCTION The TekTERM package allows an IBM Personal Computer with graphics capa- bilities to emulate Tektronix models 4010 and 4010-1 graphics terminals. Users who are familiar with the keyboard, design, and functions of these terminals should have little trouble adapting to TekTERM. CMS users who are unfamiliar with Tektronix terminals should refer to the Appendix of this manual for supplemental information. TekTERM will: o Accept all standard Tektronix protocols for displaying graphic data. o Emulate the GIN (Graphic Input) functions of the Tektronix 4010. o Save graphic images for off-line recall. o Record multiple configurations for operation in different environ- ments. If you are familiar with graphics programming on a mainframe system, you'll appreciate that TekTERM is compatible with the Tektronix PLOT-10, AGII, and TCS libraries, as well as with the Interactive Graphics Pack- age (IGP). TekTERM will also allow you to operate most graphics- oriented packages including PREVIEW and SAS/GRAPH. FORTRAN and SAS/GRAPH graphics packages are described in Virginia Tech Computing Center User's Guides GR01 and GR09. WARNING: DO NOT INCLUDE PROC GREPLAY STATEMENTS IN SAS/GRAPH PROGRAMS TO BE EXECUTED WITH TEKTERM. PRESENCE OF THIS STATEMENT MAY PLACE YOUR PROGRAM INTO AN ENDLESS AND EXPENSIVE EXECUTION LOOP. TO RECOVER FROM THIS LOOP, PRESS THE CTRL AND BREAK KEYS SIMULTANEOUSLY. THEN ENTER THE COMMAND "HX" TO HALT THE EXECUTION OF YOUR SAS PROGRAM. IF YOU ARE DROPPED INTO CP MODE, ENTER THE COMMAND "IPL CMS" TO REINITIALIZE YOUR CMS SESSION. REQUIREMENTS The following hardware is needed in order to use TekTERM with either the VM/CMS or VAX/VMS systems. o An IBM PC, Portable PC, XT, or AT with 64 KB memory and one diskette drive (two are recommended for picture file capture). o An IBM color/graphics display adapter and display. (The amber dis- play of the Portable PC is acceptable). o An asynchronous communications adapter and a data communications de- vice. This device can be an internal or external modem, or a local area network connection. o PC-DOS Version 2.0 or higher. NOTE: The modem or other communication device you use must be able to operate in a FULL DUPLEX mode. That means it must be able to transmit and receive data simultaneously. (The duplex of your modem is NOT re- lated to the duplex setting of the terminal or of the host computer). Most modems are full duplex. PREPARING A WORKING DISK The TekTERM program diskette is not copy protected. Before using TekTERM, you should make a working copy of your program diskette. You can do this by placing a new, unformatted diskette in drive B and your DOS system disk in drive A. Then type: FORMAT B:/S <ENTER> and respond to the prompts. When the formatting is complete, place your TekTERM program diskette in drive A. Type COPY *.* B: <ENTER> to transfer the TekTERM files to your new diskette. Your working pro- gram diskette is now ready and should be used exclusively. Your master disk should be stored safely. If your PC is equipped with a hard disk, it may be convenient to copy the TekTERM files onto the hard disk. CONFIGURING TEKTERM The TekTERM program is easy to operate. The main program consists of two parts: configuration and terminal emulation. CREATING CONFIGURATION FILES Each host system or communications connection requires a specific termi- nal configuration. Although TekTERM manages most of the configuration, there are some parameters that must be set manually in order for commu- nication to be successful. To configure TekTERM, start the main program by placing your working TekTERM disk in drive A and entering: TEK <ENTER> at the A> prompt. In a moment, the main TekTERM screen will be dis- played: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ T e k T E R M V 1.60 Tektronix 4010 Emulation for the IBM PC No. 0A00000 Copyright (C) 1985 Greg Sherman Alt-S: Set Up Alt-L: Load Config Alt-C: Connect F10:Exit ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configuration File: TT.CFG ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Note that the default configuration file is TT.CFG. TekTERM will auto- matically load this configuration file if it resides in the same direc- tory as the TekTERM program. To modify and save your configurations, enter the Alt-S combination (hold down the ALT key then press S). The screen will change to dis- play: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Baud 300 Default Drive A: Parity NONE Communications PortCOM1: Data Bits 7 Gin Terminate <cr> Stop Bits 1 Text Color BLUE Duplex FULL Graphics Color BLUE Backspace Sends <del> ------------------------------------------------------------------------ To select a parameter, use the up and down arrow keys on the right side of the PC keyboard. To adjust the parameter, use the large + key lo- cated on the far right side of the keyboard. These are the parameters that can be adjusted: BAUD RATE The baud rate of your terminal refers to the speed at which data is transferred between TekTERM and the host computer. Baud translates to "bits per second" and valid values are 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, and 9600. Your baud rate setting is a function of your communications device (i.e. your modem or LocalNet connection) and should be adjusted accord- ingly. Dial-in communications support 300 or 1200; most LocalNet lines are 4800 or 9600. PARITY Parity is an error-checking protocol which involves setting a particular bit in each character as the PARITY BIT. To avoid corrupted data, the parity of TekTERM should be matched to the host. Virginia Tech CMS users should set parity as EVEN. The par- ity checking protocol will not correct transmission problems, but TekTERM will inform you if a charac- ter error has taken place. DATA BITS The data bit setting of your system refers to the number of bits that will form a word of data for transmission. While most asynchronous terminals will use a setting of 7, certain binary systems will look for a setting of 8. The Virginia Tech systems should use a setting of 7. STOP BITS The stop bit protocol allows both TekTERM and the host system to recognize the start and end of a data word. The normal setting is 1. DUPLEX Duplex refers to the ability of your host computer to echo back information received from TekTERM. A full duplex system will take all of the information it receives and send it back to the terminal; a half duplex system will not. When TekTERM is oper- ating at FULL duplex, it waits for the echoed char- acters before placing them on your screen. When it operates at HALF duplex, TekTERM places the charac- ter on your screen as you type it. (If you see double characters on the screen after having logged on, you probably need to check your duplex set- ting). VAX/VMS systems should be set to FULL, VM/CMS systems should be set to HALF. DEFAULT DRIVE The default drive setting allows you to direct TekTERM screen dumps or file transfers to a partic- ular disk drive by default. You may override the default with drive and path specifications. COMMUNICATIONS PORT TekTERM needs to know which port contains your com- munications device (i.e. your internal modem or asynchronous communications adapter). PC-DOS will allow you to configure two such devices, defined as COM1 and COM2. The default TekTERM setting is COM1. GIN TERMINATE The Tektronix Graphics Input (GIN) mode allows a terminal user to send graphic data to the host dur- ing certain graphics applications. Because TekTERM supports GIN mode, it needs to know what character your host system requires to mark the termination of graphics input. The default setting is <cr> (carriage return) both VAX and CMS accept this character. TEXT COLOR TekTERM allows you to set the color of the text displayed on the screen to whatever you find most comfortable. GRAPHICS COLOR Setting this parameter will set the color when op- erating in graphics mode. BACKSPACE SENDS The two most common characters for sending a de- structive backspace (or rub-out) to a host system are ASCII 8 (backspace) and ASCII 127 (delete). VAX systems accept ASCII 127 while VM/CMS will ac- cept any character as the delete character.(1) To send an ASCII 8, this configuration parameter should be set to <bs>; to send an ASCII 127, this parameter should be set to <del>. For CMS, the backspace is suggested. After logging on, enter the command CP TERM CHARDEL <-, where <- is the backspace key. RECORDING A CONFIGURATION FILE Once the parameters have been set, they can be saved in a TekTERM con- figuration file. Press the Alt-S combination and enter a file name at the prompt. The file name should be 8 characters or less in length and does not need an extension. If you'd like to make the new configuration the default, enter TT as the name of the file at the prompt and press ENTER. If you would like to modify an existing configuration file, press Alt-L at the prompt and you will be prompted for the name of the file to be loaded. Use the up or down cursor keys to select the parameters you wish to change and the large + key on the right side of the keyboard to select the required parameter value. To save this file under its ori- ginal name, you need only press the <ENTER> key. To save the file under another name, enter the filename you wish to use (TekTERM will add the extension CFG) and press <ENTER>. RUNNING TEKTERM Before you start TekTERM, boot up the computer with a DOS system disk (DOS version 2.0 or higher) in drive A. (Your working disk will function as a DOS system disk as it had been formatted using the /S option; the master disk will not.) TekTERM should be in the A drive. Type TEK <ENTER> to start the TekTERM program. You should keep your TekTERM program diskette in the disk drive until you have connected with the host computer. When you first start TekTERM, the program searches drive A for the TT.CFG configuration file. If this file is not present on the A drive, the configuration parameters are set to the program default values il- lustrated on page 3. If TT.CFG is present, the configuration parameters are set to the values specified by this file. The TekTERM screen displays the configuration file that is currently in effect at the bottom of the screen. If TekTERM found TT.CFG, it dis- plays this name. Otherwise, it displays NONE. You can call a different configuration file into memory by pressing the Alt-L combination and en- tering the new configuration file name. You may modify the communi- cations parameters by selecting Alt-S as described previously. NOTE: You do not need to save a configuration in order for it to be in effect. CONNECTING TO THE HOST COMPUTER When you've set the correct configuration parameters, you're ready to enter the TekTERM terminal operation mode(2). Enter an Alt-C combina- tion to connect TekTERM to the communications device: o If you've got an internal autodial modem, enter your modem dialing commands. o If you're using an external or acoustically coupled modem, dial and connect it now. o If you're connected to a local area network, the system prompt (#) should appear. You should now be connected to the host system. IF YOU DON'T GET ANY RESPONSE, CHECK THAT YOU'VE USED THE CORRECT COMMUNICATION PARAMETERS, particularly the BAUD RATE. You can return to the TekTERM main screen by pressing F10 and EXIT from TekTERM by pressing F10 a second time. OPERATING AS A TERMINAL Once you've connected to the host system, TekTERM should be invisible to you. CMS users who are unfamiliar with Tektronix terminals should refer to Appendix A of this manual for supplemental information; VAX users should refer to Appendix B. TekTERM will automatically switch into graphics mode when necessary and requires no additional set-up. TekTERM places a status line at the bottom of the display to inform you about communication errors and program settings. It does not appear while TekTERM is in graphics mode. ---------------- Note: TekTERM supports CMS in line mode (VM1 or VM2); full-screen (VM1E or VM2E) editing features are not available. ---------------- SPECIAL KEYS IN TEKTERM FUNCTION KEY DEFINITIONS The ten function keys on the left side of the PC keyboard have special functions in TekTERM terminal operation mode. They are defined as fol- lows: F1 PAGE clears the screen and returns the screen to text mode. This key is equivalent to the Page or Reset key on the Tektronix 4010 and 4010-1 keyboard. F2 HELP displays the function key definitions. Any in- formation currently on the screen is stored. The F2 key should not be pressed during trans- mission from the host as data may be lost or corrupted. F3 no function in this version of TekTERM. F4 no function in this version of TekTERM. F5 SNOOP MODE TOGGLE is useful for debugging graphics programs. While snoop mode is in effect, all non- printable characters (ASCII 31 and below) are replaced by an equivalent mnemonic and will not produce their normal effects. F6 BACKSPACE DEFINE toggles the definition of the backspace key on the PC keyboard between ASCII 8 and ASCII 127 without returning to the set up screen. F7 PICTURE FILE CAPTURE invokes the picture file capture feature for saving graphic images to a disk. The operation of this key is discussed in Chapter 5. F8 NO SCROLL sends an XOFF character to the host and data transmission is paused. Pressing F8 again will send an XON to the host and resume trans- mission. TekTERM will display "NO SCROLL" on the status line to warn you that transmission has been interrupted. NOTE: The Ctrl-S/Ctrl-Q combination performs the same function as the no scroll key and will also display the "NO SCROLL" status message. F9 VT100 no function in Version 1.6 of TekTERM. See the READ.ME file on the distribution disk for in- formation regarding an enhanced version of TekTERM which enables this key. F10 BYE returns you to the TekTERM main screen. The F10 key WILL NOT disconnect you from the host computer nor end your host session. TEKTRONIX KEY EQUIVALENTS The Tektronix 4010 keyboard has a number of non-alphanumeric keys that are not found on an IBM PC keyboard. However, TekTERM provides several key definitions that are functionally equivalent to the missing Tektronix keys. They are defined as: PAGE The F1 function key is equivalent to the Page key. RUB OUT When the backspace key is defined as <del> (ASCII 127), it performs the same function as Rub Out. BREAK The break function is simulated by the Ctrl-Break key combination. When Ctrl-Break is pressed, TekTERM sends a break signal to the host lasting approximately 1/2 sec- ond. After the signal has been sent, TekTERM sounds a tone to verify the break. For CMS users, the break func- tion will temporary interrupt execution of an application program. Enter HX (Halt eXecution) to terminate the ap- plication. If you are dropped into CP mode, enter IPL CMS to reinitialize your CMS session. VAX users have no need for the break key as Ctrl-Y performs a similar func- tion. LINE FEED The function of the Line Feed key can be simulated with a Cntl-J combination. RESET The F1 key performs a function similar to the Tektronix Reset key. ALT MODE The Alt Mode key on the Tektronix 4010 transmits the ASCII code for a right bracket (]). The function of the key may be simulated by pressing the ] key. THUMB WHEELS The functions of cross-hair cursor control wheels located on the right side of the Tektronix terminal is duplicated by the arrow keys on the right side of the PC keyboard. Pressing the arrow keys alone will move the cursor in 10 pixel increments; in combination with a shift key, press- ing an arrow key causes the cursor to move 1 pixel. PICTURE FILE CAPTURE The F7 key on the PC keyboard will allow you to save a graphic image from the display screen to a disk file. The utility program, TTUTIL, allows you to recall and re-display an recorded image while TekTERM is off-line. When you select F7 (Picture File Capture), the graphic image will momen- tarily disappear. TekTERM displays PICTURE FILE NAME: Enter a file name of eight characters or less. TekTERM will automat- ically create a file on the default drive with an extension of ".PIC". When the picture file has been saved, TekTERM displays TAP ANY KEY TO CONTINUE . . . if no errors have occurred. TTUTIL - THE PICTURE FILE MANAGER The TTUTIL program is included on the TekTERM diskette to allow you to review and print picture files that you've saved during a previous TekTERM session. TTUTIL is a separate command issued from DOS; it is not issued while executing the TekTERM terminal emulation program. To invoke TTUTIL, enter TTUTIL <ENTER>. When TTUTIL is called, it dis- plays PICTURE FILE NAME: Enter the name of the picture file that you want to see. You only need to specify the filename (eight characters or less); TTUTIL will add the extension and drive if needed. If the corresponding "picture" file is present, it will be recalled and displayed. The plot will be presented as a white foreground against black background; no other color combina- tions are available in TTUTIL. Tap any key to return to the first TTUTIL screen. You can exit TTUTIL by pressing [ENTER] in response to the picture file prompt. If you have a graphics printer, TTUTIL can also be used to obtain a hardcopy of the screen image. Before executing the TTUTIL command, en- ter the command GRAPHICS from DOS. Then, after the desired image is displayed on the screen, depress the SHIFT and PrtScr keys simultane- ously. The screen image will then be printed sideways on your printer to fill an 8.5 X 11 inch sheet of paper. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ APPENDIX A: USING TEKTERM WITH CMS The following appendix is included as an aid to CMS users who may not be familiar with using a graphics terminal. The TekTERM program emulates (makes the PC behave as if it were) a Tektronix 4010 terminal. Thus your PC will now share the properties of this terminal. In addition to being able to execute graphics programs, you will be able to create and modify files using line mode editing commands. SPECIFYING YOUR DEFAULT CONFIGURATION FILE The TekTERM distribution diskette contains 4 configuration files de- scribed in the Preface. If you are using LocalNet, copy the file CMSLOCAL.CFG as TT.CFG; if you are using a dial-in phone line, copy the file CMSMODEM.CFG as TT.CFG and check that its baud rate matches that of your modem using the ALT-S option from the first TekTERM selection screen. LOGGING ON Execute the TekTERM program by typing TEK. The fction screen. LOGG